January February
March April May June
July August September October November December |
Garnet stone for January Hardness:
7-7.5 Toughness: Fair to Good RI: 1.74-1.79 SR SG:
4.04-4.15 Group: Garnet Sources: India, Sri
Lanka, Australia, Brazil Color: Almandite - Brownish Red,
Mozambique - Orangish Red Enhancements: None known
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Amethyst
stone for February
Hardness: 7 Toughness: RI: 1.544 SG: 2.64
Group: Cleavage: none
Fracture: conchoidal, very brittle Transparency:
transparent Sources: Brazil, Uruguay, Namibia Color: Violet,
Bluish Purple to Reddish Purple Chemical Composition: SiO2
Enhancements: Occasional heating
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Aquamarine
stone for March Hardness: 7.5 - 8 Toughness:
RI:1.58 SG: about 2.7 Color: light blue,
blue, green-blue Cleavage: none Fracture: conchoidal,
uneven, brittle Enhancements: Transparency:
transparent to opaque Chemical Composition: Al2Be3(Si6O18) Sources:
Aquamarine
is colored by trace amounts of iron that find their way into the crystal structure. Most
gem aquamarines have been heat treated to produce the popular blue-green colors from less
desirable yellow or pale stones. The leading producer of aquamarines is the country of
Brazil, which has many mines. Pakistan, as well as many U.S. localities, produce wonderful
specimens as well
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Diamond
stone for April Hardness: 10 Toughness:
poor to fair RI: 2.4 SG: 3.5 Crystal:
isometric Sources: South Africa, India, Brazil, Russia,
Australia and Arkansas Color: pale yellow, browns, gray, white,
black, reddish, greenish and colorless
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| Emerald
stone for May Hardness:7.5-8 Toughness:
Poor to Good RI: 1.577 -
1.583 SG:2.72 Group:
Beryl Chemical:
Be3 Al2 Si6 O18 Sources: Columbia, Zambia, Brazil, North Carolina Color: various shades of green
Enhancements: Oiling & resin filing
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Pearls - alternative stone for June have been recognized as the symbol of modesty, chastity and purity. They
symbolize a happy marriage. Moonstone is sometimes used as an alternative since it
physically resembles some pearls. click stone image for pricing and
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Ruby stone for
July Hardness: 9 Toughness:
RI:1.766 - 1.774 SG: 3.9 - 4.1 Sources:
Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Queensland (Australia), Brazil,
Cambodia, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Pakistan, Rhodesia Color:
Varying
red Enhancements: Heating and oiling with red dye
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Sapphire stone for September
Hardness: 9 Toughness: Good RI: 1.76-1.78 SG:4.00
Group: Corundum Chemical: Al2O3 Cleavage: none
Crystal System: trigonal Color: white to blue and
everything in between. Red is called Ruby Sources: Burma,
Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos, North Carolina, Africa Enhancements: heating and diffusion
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Opal stone for October Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Toughness: Poor RI:1.40-1.47
SG:1.99-2.25 Sources: Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Idaho Color:
colorless, white, black gray, red, blue, orange, yellow Chemical:
Amorphous silica with a high water content. Crystal: amorphous
Enhancements: Care: Brittle and heat sensitive. May
crack or craze spontaneously as the water content evaporates.
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Pink
Tourmaline alternative for
October is used sometimes as a birthstone for October by
those who prefer a faceted stone rather than the cabochon of Opal. Hardness: 7
- 7.5 Specific Gravity: 3.0 - 3.2 Refractive Index: 1.61
to 1.74 Cleavage: none Fracture: uneven, small
conchoidal, brittle Transparency: transparent to opaque
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Imperial Topaz
stone for November Hardness: 8 Toughness:
fair to poor RI:1.61-1.64 SG:3.4-3.5 Sources: Minas Gerias, Brazil; Pakistan; San Diego Co, California; Ural
Mountains, Russia; Mexico and the Thomas Range, Utah Cleavage:
perfect Color: clear, yellow, orange, red, blue and green Crystal:
orthorhombic Chemistry: Al 2
SiO 4 (F, OH) 3, aluminum silicate
fluoride hydroxide. Enhancements:
heating and
irradiation click
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| Citrine alternative for November Hardness: 7 Toughness: RI: 1.544 SG:
2.64 Group: Quartz Fracture: conchoidal, very
brittle Transparency: transparent Sources: Brazil,
Uruguay, Namibia Color: yellow to deep golden Chemical: SiO2
Enhancements: Occasional heating
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 Blue
Zircon stone for December Hardness:
7-7.5 SG: 4.7 Toughness: Poor RI:1.90-1.94
to 1.95-2.01 Sources: Cambodia, Pakistan, Korea Color:
white
to blue to green - no ROSE. Crystal: tetragonal Chemical:: ZrSiO4
zirconium silicate (pure zircon) Enhancements: heating
7-7.5 SG: 4.7 Toughness: Poor RI:1.90-1.94
to 1.95-2.01 Sources: Cambodia, Pakistan, Korea Color:
white
to blue to green - no ROSE. Crystal: tetragonal Chemical:: ZrSiO4
zirconium silicate (pure zircon) Enhancements: heating
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Tanzanite
Hardness: 6-6.5 Cleavage: Perfect RI: 1.69-1.70
SG: 3.35 Mineral: Zoisite Crystal:
orthorhombic Color: gray, yellow brown, blue-purple, greenish Chemical:
Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) hydrous calcium aluminum silicate Enhancements: Routine
heat treatment. Sources: Tanzania, East Africa
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Spinel
Hardness: 7.5-8 SG: 3.6-4.0 Cleavage: imperfect
RI: 1.71-1.78 Fracture: conchoidal Transparency: transparent
to opaque Crystal System: Isometric Chemical:MgAl2O4
Source: Cambodia, Burma, Thailand, Pakistan Enhancements:
Occasional heating to lighten
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